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-- home news / events avenue road biggin buckingham road census 1841 chapels charities & poor relief church directories / descriptions enclosure families / people farms fire insurance high street horn street maps market square medieval & 16th century 19th-20th centuries oral history parish council photographs pubs railway redfield schools 17th-18th centuries sheep street shipton station road tanneries tinkers end turnpike wills windmill winslow hall workhouse / hospital sitemap links search site about us / contact winslow history welcome to the winslow history website. on this site you will find photographs, transcribed documents and short articles about the history of winslow, buckinghamshire, from the anglo-saxon period to the 20th century. please scroll down for an introduction to the town's history, and use the menu on the left to navigate around the site. there is also a search engine at the foot of the page. photograph of the month (june 2018): the bull this undated postcard probably from the 1930s is mislabelled "hurn street." you can see that the bull inn (now 4 horn street) had an entrance blocked up; it was restored as the main door in the 1960s. also visible are the house of the grace family of blacksmiths and (far right) the fire station . the bull (sometimes known as the red bull) was rebuilt in the 1740s after it had been destroyed in a fire. it belonged to the mitchell family from at least the reign of elizabeth i. in 1671 robert mitchell of london claimed that his brother, being "stricken with ye dead palsy whereby his intellectuals were much weakned" had been duped into handing it over to their sister and her husband. after the last mitchell died, there was a court case in 1696 about ownership. later it was kept by the burley family of bakers, whose name is commemorated in burleys road. more about road names . people from winslow's past #65: grace aldridge (nee gyles) (d.1741) grace aldridge's former shop before it was demolished to build the bank. it wouldn't have looked like this in her time as it was re-fronted in the early 19th century. grace gyles was the granddaughter of william gyles who built keach's meeting house (see gyles family ). she married thomas aldridge, a baptist who probably came from berkhamsted originally, in 1716, and they took over the family draper's business at 19 market square (where the bank now stands). grace carried it on after thomas died in 1733, but it seems to have finished when she died as she ordered her goods to be sold. her two sons were goldsmiths in london, and cousins who had gone into the drapery business had their own shops elsewhere. an extremely detailed inventory of her property was made after her death. the total value was about £780, making her theoretically one of the richest people in winslow, but it was mainly in the stock of her shop, which ranged from pieces of silk to children's shrouds and from silver lace to mourning crape. very surprisingly for a baptist, her personal possessions, stored in the same cupboard as her own clothes, included "graven images, crucifix and beads". see will and inventory . winslow - an historical introduction winslow was an ancient royal manor, situated mid-way between aylesbury and buckingham. it was too near to either of these towns to have become a major commercial centre, but it was large enough to attract the agricultural surplus of the neighbouring villages. in 792, king offa of mercia gave winslow, along with the villages of granborough and little horwood, as an endowment for his new abbey at st albans. an anglo-saxon charter, giving the original boundaries of the manor of winslow, was recently discovered in the royal library in brussels. the hamlet of shipton was also part of the manor, with its own field system. the principal road through winslow ran east to west, along sheep street and horn street , whose names evoke the smell of livestock sales. the abbot of st albans secured a market charter for winslow in 1235 and carved out a market place from horn street and the churchyard. at the same time, a new high street was laid out, running north from the market square towards buckingham. here the shops were built on rectangular plots running back to a rear access road, later to be known as greyhound lane. the abbot of st albans built a tithe barn in horn street, but the present building dates from about 1700. the abbot also had a grange at biggin , by the stream which divides winslow and granborough. this was where st albans representatives stayed when they visited winslow, and it was a substantial farmhouse in the 16th century, but little now remains, except a dried-up moat. when the abbey was dissolved in 1539, the manor of winslow passed to the crown, and was eventually sold to sir john fortescue of salden. winslow's oldest surviving building is st laurence church , parts of which date from the 13th century. the church was much altered by victorian restoration, but some medieval features survive, including wall-paintings. because winslow belonged to a major abbey, it is very well documented. detailed court books survive from the 1320s and include all the names of those who died in the black death in 1348-9. wills are another important source of information. from the same court rolls, it is clear that winslow, and the separate hamlet of shipton, were cultivated according to the 'open-field' system, where each farmer had a number of strips dispersed in three common arable fields. the enclosure of the open fields of shipton in 1745 and winslow in 1767 meant that all the land which the farmers had cultivated in common was reallocated, and quick-set hedges were laid around the new allotments. the enclosure also led to the diversion of several old roads. verney road replaced western lane as the main road to addington and the road from swanbourne to buckingham, which had bypassed the town, was blocked in order to divert traffic through market square. furze lane was created in order to give access to several small allotments of land to the west of the town. farmhouses were built outside the town for the first time. most of the arable land was turned into pasture, and the windmill ceased to function. winslow has a strong nonconformist tradition going back to the 17th century. the baptist chapel now known as keach's chapel was built in 1695, and is one of the oldest such buildings in bucks. a congregational church (now a private house) and baptist tabernacle were build in the 19th century, and the salvation army flourished briefly. the first endowed school was probably the rogers free school, set up by a will of 1722. the old coach road from aylesbury, which followed a roman road from quarrendon to granborough and then headed for buckingham via east claydon, was diverted through whitchurch and winslow by the turnpike in 1745. this gave a boost to trade in the town, where the banbury coach stopped at the bell inn (the foremost of the numerous pubs ). winslow was not a significant market, but it was the home of a number of wealthy professional men serving the gentry of the surrounding villages. during the 18th century, there were two or three doctors, several attorneys and more than one surveyor, all of them occupying large houses near to market square, as shown in a directory of 1798 . there are also extensive fire insurance records from this period. winslow was the birthplace of william lowndes, secretary of the treasury under william and mary. his story is a piece of remarkable social mobility: as a younger son of an ordinary farming and innkeeping family, he was sent off to london, where his work as a civil servant and four marriages provided him with a fortune which enabled him to buy the lordship of the manor and much of the land. in 1700, william lowndes bought several farmhouses in sheep street and demolished them all to provide a site for a new country house. winslow hall was designed for lowndes by sir christopher wren. it was built to t

URL analysis for winslow-history.org.uk

http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//winslow_pubs.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//winslow_chapels.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//news.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//winslow_photos.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_families-mitchell.shtm#chancery
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_sheep_st.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_windmill.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//winslow_voices.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_school.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_biggin.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_redfield.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_bull.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk//winslow_enclosure.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///shipton.shtm
http://www.winslow-history.org.uk///winslow_pubs.shtm

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